植物体细胞胚发生的分子基础①

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水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa-4的PCR标记研究

根据与水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa-4紧密连锁的分子标记M55的序列设计引物,通过对国际水稻研究所育成的抗白叶枯病近等基因系和基因累加系的叶片DNA、半粒种子提取物及Xa-4基因的杂合体DNA的PCR特异扩增,初步建立了Xa-4的PCR标记体系。进而用该标记体系对我国籼型杂交水稻常用的亲本材料进行分析,揭示出了Xa-4在这些材料中的分布情况。 Abstract　Based on the sequence of a DNA marker tightly linked to the rice bacterial blight（BB） resistance gene Xa-4, two primers were designated and synthesized to develop a PCR marker for the gene. Specific amplified polymorphism analysis was carried out with these primers on a set of BB resistance isogenic lines and pyramided lines developed by IRRI. Two PCR bands were revealed corresponding to lines with dominant Xa-4 and those with the recessive allele, respectively, regardless the lines pyramided with other resistance genes. A hybrid with heterozygous Xa-4 produced both of the two allele PCR pattern. Then, the PCR marker was used to survey a range of hybrid rice germplasm. The results of the germplasm survey will be useful in hybrid rice breeding programs aimed at exploiting Xa-4.     

银额果蝇B染色体特异性基因的初步研究

采用代表性差异分析法（RDA）研究了银额果蝇两个单雌系AKM46（含B染色体）和AGZ2（不含B染色体）两基因组间的差异。用AKM46作检测（tester）扩增子,AGZ2作驱赶（driver）扩增子,通过三轮消减杂交后,获得了6个差异片段（100bp～300bp）。亚克隆后,对11个片段测序并与GenBank数据库进行同源性比较分析,获得了9个新的序列。选择clone22 及clone42进行Southern杂交分析,这两个片段仅在检测扩增子及第一、第二、第三轮差异片段中检测到杂交信号,而在驱赶扩增子检测不到杂交信号。证实了这两个片段来自含有B染色体的单雌系AKM46,而且可能是B染色体上的特异基因片段。 Abstract:The genomic difference betweenDrosophila albomicanAKM46 (with B chromosome) and AGZ2 (without B chromosome) was analyzed by RDA (Representational Difference Analysis) technique. In RDA system, the tester amplicon is AKM46 while the driver amplicon from AGZ2. After three rounds of subtractive hybridization, six different products were obtained and identified, and their size was about 100bp～300bp. After subcloning, eleven positive clones were sequenced and blasted with Genbank database. Nine sequences were unmatched with the known sequences. Clone22 and clone42 were selected for Southern hybridization, and positive signals were observed only in tester amplicon, and the first, second, third differente products, not in driver amplicon. The results suggest that the sequence come from AKM46 and might be the specific genes in B chromosome.     

人染色体脆性位点部位的显微光谱学研究 Study of Microspectroscopy for the Position of the Fragile Sites in Human Chromosome

采用显微分光光度法,对染色体脆性位点的部位进行了显微光谱学研究。实验证明,带有脆点的染色体其DNA含量大多数趋向减少,少数略有增加,推测染色体脆性部位的产生是由于染色质DNA在高度凝缩形成中期染色体过程中超旋结构改变的结果。 The position of fragile sites in human chromosome was studied by means of the microspectroscopy. The results show that the amount DNA in chromosome with fragile sites decreases in most condition. We can suppose that the fragile sites of chromosome is caused by the superhelix structure changes of chromosome DNA during the formation of metaphase chromosome which is formed in high condensation.     

原生质体诱变选育无孢平菇

用紫外线照射紫孢侧耳(Pleurotus sapidus)双核菌丝原生质体,再生后筛选生长势好的菌株, 通过出菇试验得到了生产性状与紫孢侧耳一致的无孢和少孢平菇新品种。Abstract: This paper reported isolation and regeneration of the dikaryocyte protoplasts from Pleurotus sapidus, and the protoplasts were treated by U.V-irradiation for selection spore less mutants.     

蛋白质双向电泳、印迹转移及蛋白质合成无细胞体系技术在小鼠腹水细胞EF-3研究中的应用

本文应用近年发展起来的生化技术――蛋白质双向电泳（其第一向为等电聚焦,第二向为SDS凝胶电泳）,将小鼠腹水细胞核糖体蛋进行了指纹分离。并利用蛋白质印迹转移（Western blotting）,将转移后的硝酸纤维膜与交联了碱性磷酸酶的第二抗体和抗酵母EF-3抗体反应,证实该核糖体蛋白含有EF-3同源片段,进而制备了蛋白质合成无细胞体系。通过测定PolyU指导下3 H-phe掺入活力的免疫失活实验,初步证实此同源片段是小鼠腹水细胞蛋白质合成所必需。 The ribosomal proteins of H22a cell,were separated with the method of two-D gel electrophoresis (the first dimention is isoelectric focus and the second is SDS PAGE).Then the Western blotting was used,the transferred nitrocellulose sheet was treated with antiyeast EF-3 antibody and the second antibody bonded with alklinephosphoesterase.The result shows that the ribosomal proteins have a homologous fragment to yeast EF-3 factor.The cell-free system of protein synthesis was also established.By determing the activity of polyU direeted 3H-phe intervention in immunodeactivitive experiment,it is primaril confirmed that this fragment is the esscntial for the protein biosynthesis in H22a cell.     

罕见的46，X，inv(Xq)伴原发闭经一例

X染色体数目及结构异常是原发性闭经的重要原因。在各类X染色体结构异常中,未见有关X染色体长臂的臂内倒位方面的报道。我室在1555例(男832例,女723例)染色体检查的患者中发现了一例,现予报告。     

A Stable Upstream Stem-loop Structure Enhances Selection of the First 5''''-ORF-AUG as a Main Start Codon for Translation Initiation of Human ACAT1 mRNA

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)is an integral membrane protein, which is mainly locatedin rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is responsiblefor catalyzing the intracellular formation of cholesterylester from cholesterol and long-chain fatty acyl-coenzymeA [1,2]. Human ACAT1 cDNA K1 was firstly cloned andfunctionally expressed in 1993 [3]. Further studies withspecific anti-ACAT1 antibody (DM10) illustrated that onemajor 50 kD ACAT1 protein was expressed in various…